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14 <h2>Programming New Commands</h2>
19 <address><a href="mailto:djk@tobit.co.uk">Dirk Koopman G1TLH</a></address>
21 <!-- Created: Sun Dec 13 20:25:14 GMT 1998 -->
23 Last modified: Wed Dec 23 18:27:06 GMT 1998
27 All the commands in the DXSpider system are 'soft', that is they are bits of
28 perl code that are put into specific places in the <tt>/spider</tt> directory tree.
30 <p>By putting them in a specific place and calling them <command>.pl, they become
31 commands - in real time. Such is the magic of
32 <a href="http://www.perl.com">perl</a>.
34 <h4>Directory Structure</h4>
36 The directory structure is very simple:-
38 <tr><td>/spider</td><td>the main directory</td></tr>
39 <tr><td>/spider/data</td><td>where generated and/or reference data goes</td></tr>
40 <tr><td>/spider/data/spots/<year>/<day>.dat</td><td>one day's worth of spots</td></tr>
41 <tr><td>/spider/data/debug/<year>/<day>.dat</td><td>one day's worth of console debugging</td></tr>
42 <tr><td>/spider/data/log/<year>/<month>.dat</td><td>one month's worth of Logging info including things like rcmd, announces, talks etc</td></tr>
43 <tr><td>/spider/data/wwv/<year>/<month>.dat</td><td>one month's worth of WWV</td></tr>
44 <tr><td>/spider/msg</td><td>the messages directory</td></tr>
45 <tr><td>/spider/packclus/files</td><td>the files directory</td></tr>
46 <tr><td>/spider/packclus/bulletin</td><td>the bulletins directory</td></tr>
47 <tr><td>/spider/perl</td><td>where the issued program code lives</td></tr>
48 <tr><td>/spider/local</td><td>where your experimental/site specific programs go</td></tr>
49 <tr><td>/spider/cmd</td><td>where the issued command code lives</td></tr>
50 <tr><td>/spider/local_cmd</td><td>where your experimental command code goes</td></tr>
53 <p>A command is put in full as a file under the 'cmd' directory tree, for example,
54 <tt>announce</tt> lives in <tt>/spider/cmd/announce.pl</tt> and <tt>show/dx</tt> lives
55 in <tt>/spider/cmd/show/dx.pl</tt>.
57 <p>In general terms I don't like the habit of the standard packet cluster software has
58 of taking the DEC VMS command paradigm to the extreme that it has. So I have adopted
59 the convention of separating commands from arguments. So <tt>sh/dx/10 20</tt> is input
60 on the DXSpider system as <tt>sh/dx 10 on 20m</tt>. This is rather contentious.
62 <P>In order to maintain a larger level of compatibility, there is an <tt>Aliases</tt> which
63 lives in <tt>/spider/cmd</tt> (or can be overidden by one in <tt>local_cmd</tt>). This file
64 takes standard expressions, parses command lines and produces DXSpider compatible versions
65 of the old Packet Cluster commands. Currently, however, it doesn't do a 100% job because
66 the functionality of the new commands is different (and hopefully better).
68 <P>In addition, in the <tt>/spider/perl</tt> directory (overidden by ...) there is
69 the <tt>Messages</tt> file. This is the file where all the system messages will be stored
70 (because of laziness on my part this isn't currently the case). You will see instances
71 of its use like <tt>$self->msg(<string> [,$arg..])</tt>. This call uses
72 <tt>$self</tt> to determine what language you are in, to return you the correct message.
73 The way arguments are passed to the routine, mean that you can reorder the arguments
74 in your message to suit your language without changing the actual code.
76 <p>When you roll your own commands, put
77 your messages in your own copy of the <tt>Messages</tt> file and don't forget
78 to send me the patches for that as well the command itself.
80 <p>When I issue a new version or patches for an existing version then only files in
81 the <tt>/spider/cmd</tt> and <tt>/spider/perl</tt> directories will normally be altered.
82 Occasionally, one or two of the reference files in <tt>/spider/data</tt> may be altered.
83 The only files likely to be affected are <tt>bands.pl</tt> and <tt>prefix_data.pl</tt>.
85 <p>As it says in the next section, <b>PLEASE</b> experiment in the local directories! It will
86 save a lot of pain when patching code. Having said that, if you have been playing, then
87 remember to remove or rename any files with new releases that claim to have incorporated
88 your modifications, otherwise <EM>it will continue to use the old ones in your local
91 <h4>Hints, Tips and Exhortations</h4>
95 <p><li>Every command that can used on the command line lives in either
96 this directory ('cmd') or in a local version ('local_cmd'). You are
97 cajoled or ordered not to and generally discouraged from altering the
98 commands in the 'cmd' directory. You can put local copies in the
99 'local_cmd' directory and they will override the standard ones.
101 <p><li>If you want to play, do it in the 'local_cmd' directory. It's
102 very easy and reasonably safe. You can override a command whilst the
103 cluster is running. Compilation errors will simply give you error
104 messages, it won't stop the cluster running - this only happens if you
105 mess with the internals to the extent that it gets confused...
107 <p><li>A command is a piece of perl, it is simply a small snippet of
108 program that is dynamically loaded into the cluster on invocation from
109 the command line. The last modification time is used to determine
110 whether to reload it.
112 <p><li>New (or altered) commands are available for test the moment you
115 <p><li>A command is placed into the appropriate directory with a '.pl'
116 appended to the end. So the 'show/qra' command lives in
117 'cmd/show/qra.pl' (or a local version would be in
118 'local_cmd/show/qra.pl'.
120 <p><li>For the security conscious, potentially dubious
121 characters command line args (i.e. not [A-Za-z0-9_/]) are
122 converted to their hex equivalents. This will almost certainly
123 mean that the user will get an error message (unless you have
124 your secret squirrel hat on and have deliberately put such
125 commands up [in 'local_cmd' of course]).
127 <p><li>The snippets of program you put here are wrapped in an eval { }
128 and are subroutines derived from the DXChannel class. They effectively
129 the following declaration :-
131 sub Emb_<cmdname>($self, $args)
139 <p><li>slash characters are replaced by '_' so the equivalent name for
140 'show/qth' is 'Emb_show_qth'.
142 <p><li>you would normally do a 'my ($self, $line) = @_;' as the first
143 thing. There are a complete set of accessors for DXUser, DXCommandmode,
144 DXChannel and most other classes and these are the recommended way of getting at
145 the contents of these classes. A fairly standard start might be:-
147 my ($self, $line) = @_;
148 my @args = split /\s+/, $line;
149 my $call = $self->call;
150 my $user = $self->user;
154 return (1, $self->msg('e5')) if $self->priv < 5;
164 <li>$line (in this example) is the rest of the line after the command (as a string).
166 <p><li>You are responsible for maintaining user security. If you have
167 a command that does something a normal system shouldn't be allowed to
168 do or see, there is $self->priv (using the above example) which gives
169 you the running privilege level of the channel. USE IT!
171 <p><li>The privilege levels used in the standard code are:-
173 <p>0 - is the normal user privilege.
174 <p>1 - is the remote user privilage (you need to be at least 1 to get
175 any output from an <tt>rcmd</tt>).
176 <p>5 - is the normal external sysop privilege, give this to commands that
177 you are prepared to let non-local sysops use.
178 <p>8 - a <em>very</em> trusted, probably internet rather than radio connected
180 <p>9 - the do anything console privilege.
182 <p>The sysop privilege is for things that you are prepared for remote
183 sysops and clusters to do or see.
185 <p>A console privilege can only be executed locally (at least if you have
186 correctly installed the client program in inetd or ax25d).
188 <p>The set/priv command can only be executed by a console privileged
191 <p><li>You must return a list with a 0 or 1 as the first element. 1
192 means success and 0 means fail. Each element of the list which follows
193 is assumed to be one line for output. Don't put \n characters at the
194 end of an element (the client will put the correct one in if required
197 <p><li><b>DO NOT</b>send output direct to the user unless you <em>really</em>
198 mean it (i.e. it is never appropriate for this command to be used remotely
199 as an <tt>rcmd</tt> or from some kind of batch or cron file.
201 <p>What you do instead is create a list using
205 and then <tt>push</tt> stuff onto it. Each element on the list will
206 become a line of output. For exmaple:-
209 # set a user's password
211 # Copyright (c) 1998 Iain Phillips G0RDI
214 # Syntax: set/pass <password> <callsign>
217 my ($self, $line) = @_;
218 my @args = split /\s+/, $line;
220 my $pass = shift @args;
225 return (1, $self->msg('e5')) if $self->priv < 9;
227 foreach $call (@args) {
229 if ($ref = DXUser->get_current($call)) {
232 push @out, $self->msg("password", $call);
234 push @out, $self->msg('e3', 'User record for', $call);
239 a more complicated example:-
242 # display the band data
244 # Copyright (c) 1998 - Dirk Koopman G1TLH
251 my ($self, $line) = @_;
252 my @f = split /\s+/, $line;
259 @bands = sort { Bands::get($a)->band->[0] <=> Bands::get($b)->band->[0] } Bands::get_keys();
260 push @out, "Bands Available:-";
261 foreach $band (@bands) {
262 my $ref = Bands::get($band)->band;
263 my $s = sprintf "%10s: ", $band;
264 for ($i = 0; $i < $#{$ref}; $i += 2) {
265 my $from = $ref->[$i];
266 my $to = $ref->[$i+1];
268 $s .= "$from -> $to";
272 push @out, "Regions Available:-";
273 @bands = Bands::get_region_keys();
274 foreach $band (@bands) {
275 my $ref = Bands::get_region($band);
276 my $s = sprintf("%10s: ", $band ) . join(' ', @{$ref});
283 <p><li>As this is perl and it is very easy to alter stuff to get it
284 correct, I would like to see some intelligent argument processing,
285 e.g. if you can have one callsign, you can have several. Interpret
286 your arguments; so for example:-
289 set/qra jo02lq - sets your own locator to JO02LQ
290 set/qra g1tlh jo02lq - sets G1TLH's locator (if you are allowed)
292 show/qra in92jo - displays the bearing and distance to
293 IN92JO using your lat/long or locator
294 show/qra jn56in in92jo - bearing and distance between two
298 <p><li>It is important that you remember when you have tie
299 hashes using MLDBM et al. If you do a
300 <tt>DXUser->get($call)</tt> you will get a different (older)
301 thing than the one in <tt>$self->user</tt>. This is almost
302 certainly NOT what you want if want to modify a user that is
303 currently connected. Either use <tt>$self->user</tt> or, if
304 you want another user, use <tt>DXUser->get_current($call)</tt>
306 <p><li>If you want to debug something, start the cluster.pl up thus:-
311 Then you can go into debug mode at anytime by using the command :-
315 or you can put the line:-
319 in an appropriate place in a command. This will only have an effect
320 if you are running in perl debug mode.
322 <p>If all else fails (actually it is very simple), just stick print
323 commands in everywhere and the output will appear on the cluster.pl
326 <p><li>Anything you output with a > as the last character is taken to
327 mean that this is a prompt and will not have a \r or \n appended to
328 it in the client for telnet sessions (only).
330 <p><li>help is kept in <tt>/spider/cmd/Command_<lang>.hlp</tt> files.
331 The format of the help files should be self explanatory, but they are
332 explained further in the files themselves.
334 <p><li>PLEASE add your new commands to the Commands_*.hlp file so that
335 people know about and how to use them!
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344 Copyright © 1998 by Dirk Koopman G1TLH. All Rights Reserved<br>
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