3 # This module was written by Steve Franke K9AN.
6 # The formulas used in this module
8 # Astronomical Algorithms, Second Edition
10 # Published by Willmann-Bell, Inc.
11 # P.O. Box 35025, Richmond, Virginia 23235
13 # Atmospheric refraction and parallax are taken into
14 # account when calculating positions of the sun and moon,
15 # and also when calculating the rise and set times.
17 # Copyright (c) 1999 - Steve Franke K9AN
21 # 2001/09/15 some changes to take care of cases where the object
22 # doesn't rise or set on a given day...
30 @EXPORT = qw($pi $d2r $r2d );
34 use vars qw($VERSION $BRANCH);
35 $VERSION = sprintf( "%d.%03d", q$Revision$ =~ /(\d+)\.(\d+)/ );
36 $BRANCH = sprintf( "%d.%03d", q$Revision$ =~ /\d+\.\d+\.(\d+)\.(\d+)/ ) || 0;
37 $main::build += $VERSION;
38 $main::branch += $BRANCH;
40 use vars qw($pi $d2r $r2d);
51 # reload the keps data
55 my $s = readfilestr("$main::root/local/Keps.pm");
70 $year=$year-1 if( $month <= 2 );
71 $month=$month+12 if( $month <= 2);
73 $julianday = int(365.25*($year+4716)+int(30.6001*($month+1)))+$day-13-1524.5;
76 sub Julian_Date_of_Epoch
79 my $year=int($epoch*1e-3);
80 $year=$year+2000 if ($year < 57);
81 $year=$year+1900 if ($year >= 57);
82 my $day=$epoch-$year*1e3;
83 my $Julian_Date_of_Epoch=Julian_Date_of_Year($year)+$day;
84 return $Julian_Date_of_Epoch;
86 sub Julian_Date_of_Year
92 my $Julian_Date_of_Year=int(365.25*$year)+int(30.6001*14)+
94 return $Julian_Date_of_Year;
99 my $omega_E=1.00273790934; # earth rotations per sidereal day
101 my $UT=($jd+0.5)-int($jd+0.5);
103 my $TU=($jd-2451545.0)/36525;
104 my $GMST=24110.54841+$TU*(8640184.812866+$TU*(0.093104-$TU*6.2e-6));
105 my $thetag_jd=mod2p(2*$pi*($GMST/$secday+$omega_E*$UT));
109 sub reduce_angle_to_360
113 $angle=$angle-int($angle/360)*360;
114 $angle=$angle+360 if( $angle < 0 );
122 $angle=$angle-int($angle/$twopi)*$twopi;
123 $angle=$angle+$twopi if( $angle < 0 );
128 my $angle_in_degrees = shift;
130 return sin($angle_in_degrees*$d2r);
134 my $angle_in_degrees = shift;
136 return cos($angle_in_degrees*$d2r);
140 my $angle_in_degrees = shift;
142 return tan($angle_in_degrees*$d2r);
150 my $az=$r2d * atan2( sindeg($H), cosdeg($H)*sindeg($lat)-tandeg($delta)*cosdeg($lat) );
151 my $h=$r2d * asin( sindeg($lat)*sindeg($delta)+cosdeg($lat)*cosdeg($delta)*cosdeg($H) );
163 my $sun0_moon1=shift; # 0 for sun, 1 for moon, 2 for venus...
167 my ($risehr,$risemin,$risetime,$sethr,$setmin,$settime);
169 my ($alpha1,$alpha2,$alpha3,$delta1,$delta2,$delta3);
170 my ($m0,$m1,$m2,$theta,$alpha,$delta,$H,$az,$h,$h0,$aznow,$hnow,$corr);
171 my ($i,$arg,$argtest,$H0,$alphanow,$deltanow,$distance,$distancenow);
172 my ($ifrac,$ifracnow);
174 my $julianday=Julian_Day($year,$month,$day);
175 my $tt1 = ($julianday-1-2451545)/36525.;
176 my $tt2 = ($julianday-2451545)/36525.;
177 my $tt3 = ($julianday+1-2451545)/36525.;
178 my $ttnow = ($julianday+$hr/24+$min/24/60-2451545)/36525.;
180 my $theta0=280.46061837+360.98564736629*($julianday-2451545.0)+
181 0.000387933*$tt2*$tt2-$tt2*$tt2*$tt2/38710000;
182 $theta0=reduce_angle_to_360($theta0);
184 my $thetanow=280.46061837+360.98564736629*($julianday+$hr/24+$min/24/60-2451545.0)+
185 0.000387933*$ttnow*$ttnow-$ttnow*$ttnow*$ttnow/38710000;
186 $thetanow=reduce_angle_to_360($thetanow);
188 if ( $sun0_moon1 == 0 ) {
189 ($alpha1, $delta1)=get_sun_alpha_delta($tt1);
190 ($alpha2, $delta2)=get_sun_alpha_delta($tt2);
191 ($alpha3, $delta3)=get_sun_alpha_delta($tt3);
192 ($alphanow, $deltanow)=get_sun_alpha_delta($ttnow);
194 $H=$thetanow-$lon-$alphanow;
195 $H=reduce_angle_to_360($H);
196 ($aznow,$hnow)=get_az_el($H,$deltanow,$lat);
198 1.02/(tandeg($hnow+10.3/($hnow+5.11)))/60;
201 if ( $sun0_moon1 == 1 ) {
202 ($alpha1, $delta1, $distance, $ifrac)=get_moon_alpha_delta($tt1);
203 ($alpha2, $delta2, $distance, $ifrac)=get_moon_alpha_delta($tt2);
204 ($alpha3, $delta3, $distance, $ifrac)=get_moon_alpha_delta($tt3);
205 ($alphanow, $deltanow, $distancenow, $ifracnow)=get_moon_alpha_delta($ttnow);
206 $h0=0.7275*$r2d*asin(6378.14/$distancenow)-34./60.;
207 $H=$thetanow-$lon-$alphanow;
208 $H=reduce_angle_to_360($H);
209 ($aznow,$hnow)=get_az_el($H,$deltanow,$lat);
210 $hnow=$hnow-$r2d*asin(sin(6378.14/$distancenow)*cosdeg($hnow))+
211 1.02/(tandeg($hnow+10.3/($hnow+5.11)))/60;
214 $arg = (sindeg($h0)-sindeg($lat)*sindeg($delta2))/(cosdeg($lat)*cosdeg($delta2));
215 if ( abs($arg) > 1. ) { # either up all day or down all day
216 $norise = 1; # leave it to the user to examine
217 $noset = 1; # the elevation angle (or look outside!)
218 } # to figure out which.
220 $H0 = acos($arg)*$r2d;
221 my $aa=$alpha2-$alpha1;
222 my $ba=$alpha3-$alpha2;
223 $aa=$aa+360 if ($aa < -180);
224 $aa=$aa-360 if ($aa > 180);
225 $ba=$ba+360 if ($ba < -180);
226 $ba=$ba-360 if ($ba > 180);
229 my $ad=$delta2-$delta1;
230 my $bd=$delta3-$delta2;
231 $ad=$ad+360 if ($ad < -180);
232 $ad=$ad-360 if ($ad > 180);
233 $bd=$bd+360 if ($bd < -180);
234 $bd=$bd-360 if ($bd > 180);
237 $m0 = ($alpha2 + $lon - $theta0)/360.;
238 $m0=$m0+1 if( $m0 < 0 );
239 $m0=$m0-1 if( $m0 > 1 );
240 for ($i=1; $i<=2; $i++) {
241 $theta = $theta0+360.985647*$m0;
242 $alpha=$alpha2+$m0*($aa+$ba+$m0*$ca)/2;
243 $delta=$delta2+$m0*($ad+$bd+$m0*$cd)/2;
244 $H=$theta-$lon-$alpha;
245 $H=reduce_angle_to_360($H);
246 $H=$H-360 if ($H > 180);
247 ($az,$h)=get_az_el($H,$delta,$lat);
250 $m0=$m0+1 if( $m0 < 0 );
251 $m0=$m0-1 if( $m0 > 1 );
256 $m1 = $m0 - $H0/360.;
257 $m1=$m1+1 if( $m1 < 0 );
258 $m1=$m1-1 if( $m1 > 1 );
259 for ($i=1; $i<=2; $i++) {
260 $theta = $theta0+360.985647*$m1;
261 $alpha=$alpha2+$m1*($aa+$ba+$m1*$ca)/2;
262 $delta=$delta2+$m1*($ad+$bd+$m1*$cd)/2;
263 $H=$theta-$lon-$alpha;
264 $H=reduce_angle_to_360($H);
265 ($az,$h)=get_az_el($H,$delta,$lat);
266 $corr=($h-$h0)/(360*(cosdeg($delta)*cosdeg($lat)*sindeg($H)));
268 $norise=1 if( $m1 < 0 || $m1 > 1);
274 $risemin=($m1*24-int($m1*24))*60+0.5;
275 if ( $risemin >= 60 ) {
276 $risemin=$risemin-60;
279 $risetime=sprintf("%02d:%02dZ",$risehr,$risemin);
285 $m2 = $m0 + $H0/360.;
286 $m2=$m2+1 if( $m2 < 0 );
287 $m2=$m2-1 if( $m2 > 1 );
288 for ($i=1; $i<=2; $i++) {
289 $theta = $theta0+360.985647*$m2;
290 $alpha=$alpha2+$m2*($aa+$ba+$m2*$ca)/2;
291 $delta=$delta2+$m2*($ad+$bd+$m2*$cd)/2;
292 $H=$theta-$lon-$alpha;
293 $H=reduce_angle_to_360($H);
294 ($az,$h)=get_az_el($H,$delta,$lat);
295 $corr=($h-$h0)/(360*(cosdeg($delta)*cosdeg($lat)*sindeg($H)));
297 $noset=1 if( $m2 < 0 || $m2 > 1);
303 $setmin=($m2*24-int($m2*24))*60+0.5;
304 if ( $setmin >= 60 ) {
308 $settime=sprintf("%02d:%02dZ",$sethr,$setmin);
314 if ( $sun0_moon1 == 0 ) {
315 return (sprintf("%s", $risetime), sprintf("%s",$settime),$aznow+180,$hnow);
317 if ( $sun0_moon1 == 1 ) {
318 return (sprintf("%s", $risetime), sprintf("%s",$settime),
319 $aznow+180,$hnow, -40*log10($distance/385000), $ifracnow );
322 sub get_moon_alpha_delta
325 # Calculate the moon's right ascension and declination
327 # As of October 2001, also calculate the illuminated fraction of the
328 # moon's disk... (why not?)
332 my $Lp=218.3164477+481267.88123421*$tt-
333 0.0015786*$tt*$tt+$tt*$tt*$tt/538841-$tt*$tt*$tt*$tt/65194000;
334 $Lp=reduce_angle_to_360($Lp);
336 my $D = 297.8501921+445267.1114034*$tt-0.0018819*$tt*$tt+
337 $tt*$tt*$tt/545868.-$tt*$tt*$tt*$tt/113065000.;
338 $D=reduce_angle_to_360($D);
340 my $M = 357.5291092 + 35999.0502909*$tt-0.0001536*$tt*$tt+
341 $tt*$tt*$tt/24490000.;
342 $M=reduce_angle_to_360($M);
344 my $Mp = 134.9633964 + 477198.8675055*$tt+0.0087414*$tt*$tt+
345 $tt*$tt*$tt/69699-$tt*$tt*$tt*$tt/14712000;
346 $Mp=reduce_angle_to_360($Mp);
348 my $F = 93.2720950 + 483202.0175233*$tt - 0.0036539*$tt*$tt-
349 $tt*$tt*$tt/3526000 + $tt*$tt*$tt*$tt/863310000;
350 $F=reduce_angle_to_360($F);
352 my $A1 = 119.75 + 131.849 * $tt;
353 $A1=reduce_angle_to_360($A1);
355 my $A2 = 53.09 + 479264.290 * $tt;
356 $A2=reduce_angle_to_360($A2);
358 my $A3 = 313.45 + 481266.484 * $tt;
359 $A3=reduce_angle_to_360($A3);
361 my $E = 1 - 0.002516 * $tt - 0.0000074 * $tt * $tt;
363 my $Sl= 6288774*sindeg( 1 * $Mp ) +
364 1274027*sindeg(2 * $D + -1 * $Mp ) +
365 658314 *sindeg(2 * $D ) +
366 213618 *sindeg( 2 * $Mp ) +
367 -185116 *sindeg( 1 * $M )*$E +
368 -114332 *sindeg( 2 * $F ) +
369 58793 *sindeg(2 * $D + -2 * $Mp ) +
370 57066 *sindeg(2 * $D - 1 * $M -1 * $Mp )*$E +
371 53322 *sindeg(2 * $D + 1 * $Mp ) +
372 45758 *sindeg(2 * $D - 1 * $M )*$E +
373 -40923 *sindeg( + 1 * $M -1 * $Mp )*$E +
374 -34720 *sindeg(1 * $D ) +
375 -30383 *sindeg( + 1 * $M + 1 * $Mp )*$E +
376 15327 *sindeg(2 * $D + -2 * $F ) +
377 -12528 *sindeg( 1 * $Mp + 2 * $F ) +
378 10980 *sindeg( 1 * $Mp - 2 * $F ) +
379 10675 *sindeg(4 * $D + -1 * $Mp ) +
380 10034 *sindeg( 3 * $Mp ) +
381 8548 *sindeg(4 * $D + 0 * $M - 2 * $Mp + 0 * $F ) +
382 -7888 *sindeg(2 * $D + 1 * $M - 1 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E +
383 -6766 *sindeg(2 * $D + 1 * $M + 0 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E +
384 -5163 *sindeg(1 * $D + 0 * $M - 1 * $Mp + 0 * $F ) +
385 4987 *sindeg(1 * $D + 1 * $M + 0 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E +
386 4036 *sindeg(2 * $D - 1 * $M + 1 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E +
387 3994 *sindeg(2 * $D + 0 * $M + 2 * $Mp + 0 * $F ) +
388 3861 *sindeg(4 * $D + 0 * $M + 0 * $Mp + 0 * $F ) +
389 3665 *sindeg(2 * $D + 0 * $M - 3 * $Mp + 0 * $F ) +
390 -2689 *sindeg(0 * $D + 1 * $M - 2 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E +
391 -2602 *sindeg(2 * $D + 0 * $M - 1 * $Mp + 2 * $F ) +
392 2390 *sindeg(2 * $D - 1 * $M - 2 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E +
393 -2348 *sindeg(1 * $D + 0 * $M + 1 * $Mp + 0 * $F ) +
394 2236 *sindeg(2 * $D - 2 * $M + 0 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E*$E +
395 -2120 *sindeg(0 * $D + 1 * $M + 2 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E +
396 -2069 *sindeg(0 * $D + 2 * $M + 0 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E*$E +
397 2048 *sindeg(2 * $D - 2 * $M - 1 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E*$E +
398 -1773 *sindeg(2 * $D + 0 * $M + 1 * $Mp - 2 * $F ) +
399 -1595 *sindeg(2 * $D + 0 * $M + 0 * $Mp + 2 * $F ) +
400 1215 *sindeg(4 * $D - 1 * $M - 1 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E +
401 -1110 *sindeg(0 * $D + 0 * $M + 2 * $Mp + 2 * $F ) +
402 -892 *sindeg(3 * $D + 0 * $M - 1 * $Mp + 0 * $F ) +
403 -810 *sindeg(2 * $D + 1 * $M + 1 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E +
404 759 *sindeg(4 * $D - 1 * $M - 2 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E +
405 -713 *sindeg(0 * $D + 2 * $M - 1 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E*$E +
406 -700 *sindeg(2 * $D + 2 * $M - 1 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E*$E +
407 691 *sindeg(2 * $D + 1 * $M - 2 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E +
408 596 *sindeg(2 * $D - 1 * $M + 0 * $Mp - 2 * $F )*$E +
409 549 *sindeg(4 * $D + 0 * $M + 1 * $Mp + 0 * $F ) +
410 537 *sindeg(0 * $D + 0 * $M + 4 * $Mp + 0 * $F ) +
411 520 *sindeg(4 * $D - 1 * $M + 0 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E +
412 -487 *sindeg(1 * $D + 0 * $M - 2 * $Mp + 0 * $F ) +
413 -399 *sindeg(2 * $D + 1 * $M + 0 * $Mp - 2 * $F )*$E +
414 -381 *sindeg(0 * $D + 0 * $M + 2 * $Mp - 2 * $F ) +
415 351 *sindeg(1 * $D + 1 * $M + 1 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E +
416 -340 *sindeg(3 * $D + 0 * $M - 2 * $Mp + 0 * $F ) +
417 330 *sindeg(4 * $D + 0 * $M - 3 * $Mp + 0 * $F ) +
418 327 *sindeg(2 * $D - 1 * $M + 2 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E +
419 -323 *sindeg(0 * $D + 2 * $M + 1 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E*$E +
420 299 *sindeg(1 * $D + 1 * $M - 1 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E +
421 294 *sindeg(2 * $D + 0 * $M + 3 * $Mp + 0 * $F ) +
422 3958 *sindeg($A1) + 1962*sindeg($Lp - $F) + 318*sindeg($A2);
424 my $Sr=-20905355 *cosdeg( 1 * $Mp ) +
425 -3699111 *cosdeg(2 * $D + -1 * $Mp ) +
426 -2955968 *cosdeg(2 * $D ) +
427 -569925 *cosdeg( 2 * $Mp ) +
428 48888 *cosdeg( 1 * $M )*$E +
429 -3149 *cosdeg( 2 * $F ) +
430 246158 *cosdeg(2 * $D + -2 * $Mp ) +
431 -152138 *cosdeg(2 * $D - 1 * $M -1 * $Mp )*$E +
432 -170733 *cosdeg(2 * $D + 1 * $Mp ) +
433 -204586 *cosdeg(2 * $D - 1 * $M )*$E +
434 -129620 *cosdeg( + 1 * $M -1 * $Mp )*$E +
435 108743 *cosdeg(1 * $D ) +
436 104755 *cosdeg( + 1 * $M + 1 * $Mp )*$E +
437 10321 *cosdeg(2 * $D + -2 * $F ) +
438 79661 *cosdeg( 1 * $Mp - 2 * $F ) +
439 -34782 *cosdeg(4 * $D + -1 * $Mp ) +
440 -23210 *cosdeg( 3 * $Mp ) +
441 -21636 *cosdeg(4 * $D + 0 * $M - 2 * $Mp + 0 * $F ) +
442 24208 *cosdeg(2 * $D + 1 * $M - 1 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E +
443 30824 *cosdeg(2 * $D + 1 * $M + 0 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E +
444 -8379 *cosdeg(1 * $D + 0 * $M - 1 * $Mp + 0 * $F ) +
445 -16675 *cosdeg(1 * $D + 1 * $M + 0 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E +
446 -12831 *cosdeg(2 * $D - 1 * $M + 1 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E +
447 -10445 *cosdeg(2 * $D + 0 * $M + 2 * $Mp + 0 * $F ) +
448 -11650 *cosdeg(4 * $D + 0 * $M + 0 * $Mp + 0 * $F ) +
449 14403 *cosdeg(2 * $D + 0 * $M - 3 * $Mp + 0 * $F ) +
450 -7003 *cosdeg(0 * $D + 1 * $M - 2 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E +
451 10056 *cosdeg(2 * $D - 1 * $M - 2 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E +
452 6322 *cosdeg(1 * $D + 0 * $M + 1 * $Mp + 0 * $F ) +
453 -9884 *cosdeg(2 * $D - 2 * $M + 0 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E*$E +
454 5751 *cosdeg(0 * $D + 1 * $M + 2 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E +
455 -4950 *cosdeg(2 * $D - 2 * $M - 1 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E*$E +
456 4130 *cosdeg(2 * $D + 0 * $M + 1 * $Mp - 2 * $F )+
457 -3958 *cosdeg(4 * $D - 1 * $M - 1 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E +
458 3258 *cosdeg(3 * $D + 0 * $M - 1 * $Mp + 0 * $F )+
459 2616 *cosdeg(2 * $D + 1 * $M + 1 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E +
460 -1897 *cosdeg(4 * $D - 1 * $M - 2 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E +
461 -2117 *cosdeg(0 * $D + 2 * $M - 1 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E*$E +
462 2354 *cosdeg(2 * $D + 2 * $M - 1 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E*$E +
463 -1423 *cosdeg(4 * $D + 0 * $M + 1 * $Mp + 0 * $F )+
464 -1117 *cosdeg(0 * $D + 0 * $M + 4 * $Mp + 0 * $F )+
465 -1571 *cosdeg(4 * $D - 1 * $M + 0 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E +
466 -1739 *cosdeg(1 * $D + 0 * $M - 2 * $Mp + 0 * $F )+
467 -4421 *cosdeg(0 * $D + 0 * $M + 2 * $Mp - 2 * $F )+
468 1165 *cosdeg(0 * $D + 2 * $M + 1 * $Mp + 0 * $F )*$E*$E +
469 8752 *cosdeg(2 * $D + 0 * $M - 1 * $Mp - 2 * $F );
471 my $Sb= 5128122 *sindeg( 1 * $F ) +
472 280602 *sindeg( 1 * $Mp + 1 * $F ) +
473 277693 *sindeg( 1 * $Mp - 1 * $F ) +
474 173237 *sindeg(2 * $D - 1 * $F ) +
475 55413 *sindeg(2 * $D -1 * $Mp + 1 * $F ) +
476 46271 *sindeg(2 * $D + -1 * $Mp - 1 * $F ) +
477 32573 *sindeg(2 * $D + 1 * $F ) +
478 17198 *sindeg( 2 * $Mp + 1 * $F )+
479 9266 *sindeg(2 * $D + 0 * $M + 1 * $Mp - 1 * $F ) +
480 8822 *sindeg(0 * $D + 0 * $M + 2 * $Mp - 1 * $F ) +
481 8216 *sindeg(2 * $D - 1 * $M + 0 * $Mp - 1 * $F )*$E +
482 4324 *sindeg(2 * $D + 0 * $M - 2 * $Mp - 1 * $F ) +
483 4200 *sindeg(2 * $D + 0 * $M + 1 * $Mp + 1 * $F ) +
484 -3359 *sindeg(2 * $D + 1 * $M + 0 * $Mp - 1 * $F )*$E +
485 2463 *sindeg(2 * $D - 1 * $M - 1 * $Mp + 1 * $F )*$E +
486 2211 *sindeg(2 * $D - 1 * $M + 0 * $Mp + 1 * $F )*$E +
487 2065 *sindeg(2 * $D - 1 * $M - 1 * $Mp - 1 * $F )*$E +
488 -1870 *sindeg(0 * $D + 1 * $M - 1 * $Mp - 1 * $F )*$E +
489 1828 *sindeg(4 * $D + 0 * $M - 1 * $Mp - 1 * $F ) +
490 -1794 *sindeg(0 * $D + 1 * $M + 0 * $Mp + 1 * $F )*$E +
491 -1749 *sindeg(0 * $D + 0 * $M + 0 * $Mp + 3 * $F ) +
492 -1565 *sindeg(0 * $D + 1 * $M - 1 * $Mp + 1 * $F )*$E +
493 -1491 *sindeg(1 * $D + 0 * $M + 0 * $Mp + 1 * $F ) +
494 -1475 *sindeg(0 * $D + 1 * $M + 1 * $Mp + 1 * $F )*$E +
495 -1410 *sindeg(0 * $D + 1 * $M + 1 * $Mp - 1 * $F )*$E +
496 -1344 *sindeg(0 * $D + 1 * $M + 0 * $Mp - 1 * $F )*$E +
497 -1335 *sindeg(1 * $D + 0 * $M + 0 * $Mp - 1 * $F ) +
498 1107 *sindeg(0 * $D + 0 * $M + 3 * $Mp + 1 * $F ) +
499 1021 *sindeg(4 * $D + 0 * $M + 0 * $Mp - 1 * $F ) +
500 833 *sindeg(4 * $D + 0 * $M - 1 * $Mp + 1 * $F ) +
501 777 *sindeg(0 * $D + 0 * $M + 1 * $Mp - 3 * $F ) +
502 671 *sindeg(4 * $D + 0 * $M - 2 * $Mp + 1 * $F ) +
503 607 *sindeg(2 * $D + 0 * $M + 0 * $Mp - 3 * $F ) +
504 596 *sindeg(2 * $D + 0 * $M + 2 * $Mp - 1 * $F ) +
505 491 *sindeg(2 * $D - 1 * $M + 1 * $Mp - 1 * $F )*$E +
506 -451 *sindeg(2 * $D + 0 * $M - 2 * $Mp + 1 * $F ) +
507 439 *sindeg(0 * $D + 0 * $M + 3 * $Mp - 1 * $F ) +
508 422 *sindeg(2 * $D + 0 * $M + 2 * $Mp + 1 * $F ) +
509 421 *sindeg(2 * $D + 0 * $M - 3 * $Mp - 1 * $F ) +
510 -366 *sindeg(2 * $D + 1 * $M - 1 * $Mp + 1 * $F )*$E +
511 -351 *sindeg(2 * $D + 1 * $M + 0 * $Mp + 1 * $F )*$E +
512 331 *sindeg(4 * $D + 0 * $M + 0 * $Mp + 1 * $F ) +
513 315 *sindeg(2 * $D - 1 * $M + 1 * $Mp + 1 * $F )*$E +
514 302 *sindeg(2 * $D - 2 * $M + 0 * $Mp - 1 * $F )*$E*$E +
515 -283 *sindeg(0 * $D + 0 * $M + 1 * $Mp + 3 * $F ) +
516 -229 *sindeg(2 * $D + 1 * $M + 1 * $Mp - 1 * $F )*$E +
517 223 *sindeg(1 * $D + 1 * $M + 0 * $Mp - 1 * $F )*$E +
518 223 *sindeg(1 * $D + 1 * $M + 0 * $Mp + 1 * $F )*$E +
519 -220 *sindeg(0 * $D + 1 * $M - 2 * $Mp - 1 * $F )*$E +
520 -220 *sindeg(2 * $D + 1 * $M - 1 * $Mp - 1 * $F )*$E +
521 -185 *sindeg(1 * $D + 0 * $M + 1 * $Mp + 1 * $F ) +
522 181 *sindeg(2 * $D - 1 * $M - 2 * $Mp - 1 * $F )*$E +
523 -177 *sindeg(0 * $D + 1 * $M + 2 * $Mp + 1 * $F )*$E +
524 176 *sindeg(4 * $D + 0 * $M - 2 * $Mp - 1 * $F ) +
525 166 *sindeg(4 * $D - 1 * $M - 1 * $Mp - 1 * $F )*$E +
526 -164 *sindeg(1 * $D + 0 * $M + 1 * $Mp - 1 * $F ) +
527 132 *sindeg(4 * $D + 0 * $M + 1 * $Mp - 1 * $F ) +
528 -119 *sindeg(1 * $D + 0 * $M - 1 * $Mp - 1 * $F ) +
529 115 *sindeg(4 * $D - 1 * $M + 0 * $Mp - 1 * $F )*$E +
530 107 *sindeg(2 * $D - 2 * $M + 0 * $Mp + 1 * $F )*$E*$E
531 -2235 *sindeg($Lp) + 382*sindeg($A3) +
532 175 *sindeg($A1-$F) + 175*sindeg($A1+$F) +
533 127 *sindeg($Lp-$Mp) - 115*sindeg($Lp+$Mp);
535 my $lambda=$Lp+$Sl/1000000.;
537 my $beta=$Sb/1000000.;
539 my $distance=385000.56 + $Sr/1000.;
541 my $epsilon = 23+26./60.+21.448/(60.*60.);
543 my $alpha=atan2(cosdeg($epsilon)*sindeg($lambda)-tandeg($beta)*sindeg($epsilon),cosdeg($lambda))*$r2d;
544 $alpha = reduce_angle_to_360($alpha);
546 my $delta=asin(cosdeg($beta)*sindeg($epsilon)*sindeg($lambda)+sindeg($beta)*cosdeg($epsilon))*$r2d;
547 $delta = reduce_angle_to_360($delta);
549 # $phase will be the "moon phase angle" from p. 346 of Meeus' book...
550 my $phase=180.0 - $D - 6.289 *sindeg($Mp)
552 - 1.274 *sindeg(2.*$D - $Mp)
553 - 0.658 *sindeg(2.*$D)
554 - 0.214 *sindeg(2.*$Mp)
557 # $illum_frac is the fraction of the disk that is illuminated, and will be
558 # zero at new moon and 1.0 at full moon.
560 my $illum_frac = (1.0 + cosdeg( $phase ))/2.;
562 return ($alpha,$delta,$distance,$illum_frac);
565 sub get_sun_alpha_delta
568 # Calculate Sun's right ascension and declination
572 my $L0 = 280.46646+36000.76983*$tt+0.0003032*($tt^2);
573 $L0=reduce_angle_to_360($L0);
575 my $M = 357.52911 + 35999.05029*$tt-0.0001537*($tt^2);
576 $M=reduce_angle_to_360($M);
578 my $C = (1.914602 - 0.004817*$tt-0.000014*($tt^2))*sindeg($M) +
579 (0.019993 - 0.000101*$tt)*sindeg(2*$M) +
580 0.000289*sindeg(3*$M);
582 my $OMEGA = 125.04 - 1934.136*$tt;
584 my $lambda=$L0+$C-0.00569-0.00478*sindeg($OMEGA);
586 my $epsilon = 23+26./60.+21.448/(60.*60.);
588 my $alpha=atan2(cosdeg($epsilon)*sindeg($lambda),cosdeg($lambda))*$r2d;
589 $alpha = reduce_angle_to_360($alpha);
591 my $delta=asin(sin($epsilon*$d2r)*sin($lambda*$d2r))*$r2d;
592 $delta = reduce_angle_to_360($delta);
594 return ($alpha,$delta);
596 sub get_satellite_pos
599 # This code was translated more-or-less directly from the Pascal
600 # routines contained in a report compiled by TS Kelso and based on:
601 # Spacetrack Report No. 3
602 # "Models for Propagation of NORAD Element Sets"
603 # Felix R. Hoots, Ronald L Roehrich
606 # See TS Kelso's web site for more details...
607 # Only the SGP propagation model is implemented.
609 # Steve Franke, K9AN. 9 Dec 1999.
613 #1 25338U 98030A 99341.00000000 +.00000376 +00000-0 +18612-3 0 05978
614 #2 25338 098.6601 008.2003 0011401 112.4684 042.5140 14.23047277081382
616 #1 21639U 91054B 99341.34471854 .00000095 00000-0 10000-3 0 4928
617 #2 21639 1.5957 88.4884 0003028 161.6582 135.4323 1.00277774 30562
619 #1 20439U 90005D 99341.14501399 +.00000343 +00000-0 +14841-3 0 02859
620 #2 20439 098.4690 055.0032 0012163 066.4615 293.7842 14.30320285515297
622 #Temporary keps database...
629 my $sat_ref = $keps{$satname};
630 #printf("$jtime $lat $lon $alt Satellite name = $satname\n");
637 my $xke=.743669161e-1;
641 my $ck2=.5*$xj2*$ae**2;
642 my $ck4=-.375*$xj4*$ae**4;
643 my $qoms2t=(($qo-$so)*$ae/$xkmper)**4;
644 my $s=$ae*(1+$so/$xkmper);
646 my $epoch = $sat_ref ->{epoch};
647 #printf("epoch = %10.2f\n",$epoch);
648 my $epoch_year=int($epoch/1000);
649 my $epoch_day=$epoch-int(1000*$epoch_year);
650 #printf("epoch_year = %10.2f\n",$epoch_year);
651 #printf("epoch_day = %17.12f\n",$epoch_day);
652 my $ep_year=$epoch_year+2000 if ($epoch_year < 57);
653 $ep_year=$epoch_year+1900 if ($epoch_year >= 57);
654 my $jt_epoch=Julian_Date_of_Year($ep_year);
655 $jt_epoch=$jt_epoch+$epoch_day;
656 #printf("JT for epoch = %17.12f\n",$jt_epoch);
657 my $tsince=($jtime-$jt_epoch)*24*60;
658 #printf("tsince (min) = %17.12f\n",$tsince);
660 my $mm1 = $sat_ref ->{mm1};
661 my $mm2 = $sat_ref ->{mm2};
662 my $bstar=$sat_ref ->{bstar}; # drag term for sgp4 model
663 my $inclination=$sat_ref->{inclination}; # inclination in degrees
664 my $raan=$sat_ref->{raan}; # right ascension of ascending node in degs
665 my $eccentricity=$sat_ref ->{eccentricity}; # eccentricity - dimensionless
666 my $omegao=$sat_ref ->{argperigee}; # argument of perigee in degs
667 my $xmo=$sat_ref ->{meananomaly}; # mean anomaly in degrees
668 my $xno=$sat_ref ->{meanmotion}; # mean motion in revs per day
670 #printf("%10.6f %10.6f %10.6f %10.6f %10.6f %10.6f %10.6f %10.6f %10.6f\n",
671 #$mm1,$mm2,$bstar,$inclination,$raan,$eccentricity,$omegao,$xmo,$xno);
673 $omegao=$omegao*$d2r;
675 $inclination=$inclination*$d2r;
676 my $temp=2*$pi/$xmnpda/$xmnpda;
677 $xno=$xno*$temp*$xmnpda;
679 $mm2=$mm2*$temp/$xmnpda;
684 my $c4=$xj3*$ae**3/(4*$ck2);
685 my $cosio=cos($inclination);
686 my $sinio=sin($inclination);
687 my $a1=($xke/$xno)**(2./3.);
688 my $d1=$c1/$a1/$a1*(3*$cosio*$cosio-1)/(1-$eccentricity*$eccentricity)**1.5;
689 my $ao=$a1*(1-1./3.*$d1-$d1*$d1-134./81.*$d1*$d1*$d1);
690 my $po=$ao*(1-$eccentricity*$eccentricity);
691 $qo=$ao*(1-$eccentricity);
692 my $xlo=$xmo+$omegao+$raan;
693 my $d10=$c3*$sinio*$sinio;
694 my $d20=$c2*(7.*$cosio*$cosio-1);
697 my $po2no=$xno/($po*$po);
698 my $omgdt=$c1*$po2no*(5.*$cosio*$cosio-1);
699 my $xnodot=-2.*$d30*$po2no;
700 my $c5=0.5*$c4*$sinio*(3+5*$cosio)/(1+$cosio);
703 my $a=$xno+(2*$mm1+3*$mm2*$tsince)*$tsince;
704 $a=$ao*($xno/$a)**(2./3.);
706 $e =1-$qo/$a if ($a > $qo);
708 my $xnodes=$raan+$xnodot*$tsince;
709 my $omgas=$omegao+$omgdt*$tsince;
710 my $xls=mod2p($xlo+($xno+$omgdt+$xnodot+($mm1+$mm2*$tsince)*$tsince)*$tsince);
712 my $axnsl=$e*cos($omgas);
713 my $aynsl=$e*sin($omgas)-$c6/$p;
714 my $xl=mod2p($xls-$c5/$p*$axnsl);
716 my $u=mod2p($xl-$xnodes);
722 for ($item3=0; abs($tem5) >= 1e-6 && $item3 < 10; $item3++ )
726 $tem5=1-$coseo1*$axnsl-$sineo1*$aynsl;
727 $tem5=($u-$aynsl*$coseo1+$axnsl*$sineo1-$eo1)/$tem5;
729 $tem5=$tem2/$tem5 if ($tem2 > 1);
735 my $ecose=$axnsl*$coseo1+$aynsl*$sineo1;
736 my $esine=$axnsl*$sineo1-$aynsl*$coseo1;
737 my $el2=$axnsl*$axnsl+$aynsl*$aynsl;
741 my $rdot=$xke*sqrt($a)/$r*$esine;
742 my $rvdot=$xke*sqrt($pl)/$r;
743 $temp=$esine/(1+sqrt(1-$el2));
744 my $sinu=$a/$r*($sineo1-$aynsl-$axnsl*$temp);
745 my $cosu=$a/$r*($coseo1-$axnsl+$aynsl*$temp);
746 my $su=atan2($sinu,$cosu);
748 my $sin2u=($cosu+$cosu)*$sinu;
749 my $cos2u=1-2*$sinu*$sinu;
750 my $rk=$r+$d10/$pl*$cos2u;
751 my $uk=$su-$d20/$pl2*$sin2u;
752 my $xnodek=$xnodes+$d30*$sin2u/$pl2;
753 my $xinck=$inclination+$d40/$pl2*$cos2u;
757 my $sinnok=sin($xnodek);
758 my $cosnok=cos($xnodek);
759 my $sinik=sin($xinck);
760 my $cosik=cos($xinck);
761 my $xmx=-$sinnok*$cosik;
762 my $xmy=$cosnok*$cosik;
763 my $ux=$xmx*$sinuk+$cosnok*$cosuk;
764 my $uy=$xmy*$sinuk+$sinnok*$cosuk;
765 my $uz=$sinik*$sinuk;
766 my $vx=$xmx*$cosuk-$cosnok*$sinuk;
767 my $vy=$xmy*$cosuk-$sinnok*$sinuk;
768 my $vz=$sinik*$cosuk;
770 my $x=$rk*$ux*$xkmper/$ae;
771 my $y=$rk*$uy*$xkmper/$ae;
772 my $z=$rk*$uz*$xkmper/$ae;
776 $xdot=($rvdot*$vx+$xdot)*$xkmper/$ae*$xmnpda/86400;
777 $ydot=($rvdot*$vy+$ydot)*$xkmper/$ae*$xmnpda/86400;
778 $zdot=($rvdot*$vz+$zdot)*$xkmper/$ae*$xmnpda/86400;
779 #printf("x=%17.6f y=%17.6f z=%17.6f \n",$x,$y,$z);
780 #printf("xdot=%17.6f ydot=%17.6f zdot=%17.6f \n",$xdot,$ydot,$zdot);
781 my ($sat_lat,$sat_lon,$sat_alt,$sat_theta)=Calculate_LatLonAlt($x,$y,$z,$jtime);
782 my ($az, $el, $distance) = Calculate_Obs($x,$y,$z,$sat_theta,$xdot,$ydot,$zdot,$jtime,$lat,$lon,$alt);
783 return ($sat_lat,$sat_lon,$sat_alt,$az,$el,$distance);
786 sub Calculate_LatLonAlt
789 # convert from ECI coordinates to latitude, longitude and altitude.
796 my $theta=atan2($y,$x);
797 my $lon=mod2p($theta-ThetaG_JD($time));
798 my $range=sqrt($x**2+$y**2);
799 my $f=1/298.26; # earth flattening constant
802 my $lat=atan2($z,$range);
807 $c=1/sqrt(1-$e2*sin($phi)**2);
808 $lat=atan2($z+$xkmper*$c*$e2*sin($phi),$range);
809 } until abs($lat-$phi) < 1e-10;
810 my $alt=$range/cos($lat)-$xkmper*$c;
811 return ($lat,$lon,$alt,$theta); # radians and kilometers
815 sub Calculate_User_PosVel
817 # change from lat/lon/alt/time coordinates to earth centered inertial (ECI)
818 # position and local hour angle.
823 my $theta=mod2p(ThetaG_JD($time)+$lon);
824 my $omega_E=1.00273790934; # earth rotations per sidereal day
826 my $mfactor=2*$pi*$omega_E/$secday;
827 my $f=1/298.26; # earth flattening constant
829 my $c=1/sqrt(1+$f*($f-2)*sin($lat)**2);
830 my $s=(1-$f)*(1-$f)*$c;
831 my $achcp=($xkmper*$c+$alt)*cos($lat);
832 my $x_user=$achcp*cos($theta);
833 my $y_user=$achcp*sin($theta);
834 my $z_user=($xkmper*$s+$alt)*sin($lat);
835 my $xdot_user=-$mfactor*$y_user;
836 my $ydot_user=$mfactor*$x_user;
838 return ($x_user,$y_user,$z_user,$xdot_user,$ydot_user,$zdot_user,$theta);
842 # calculate the azimuth/el of an object as viewed from observers position
843 # with object position given in ECI coordinates and observer in lat/long/alt.
845 # inputs: object ECI position vector (km)
846 # object velocity vector (km/s)
848 # observer lat,lon,altitude (km)
861 my ($x_o,$y_o,$z_o,$xdot_o,$ydot_o,$zdot_o,$theta)=
862 Calculate_User_PosVel($lat,$lon,$alt,$time);
866 my $xxdot=$xdot-$xdot_o;
867 my $yydot=$ydot-$ydot_o;
868 my $zzdot=$zdot-$zdot_o;
870 my $sin_lat=sin($lat);
871 my $cos_lat=cos($lat);
872 my $sin_theta=sin($theta);
873 my $cos_theta=cos($theta);
875 my $top_s=$sin_lat*$cos_theta*$xx
876 + $sin_lat*$sin_theta*$yy
879 my $top_e=-$sin_theta*$xx
882 my $top_z=$cos_lat*$cos_theta*$xx
883 + $cos_lat*$sin_theta*$yy
886 my $az=atan(-$top_e/$top_s);
887 $az=$az+$pi if ( $top_s > 0 );
888 $az=$az+2*$pi if ( $az < 0 );
890 my $range=sqrt($xx*$xx+$yy*$yy+$zz*$zz);
891 my $el=asin($top_z/$range);
892 return ($az, $el, $range);
895 sub Calendar_date_and_time_from_JD
897 my ($jd,$z,$frac,$alpha,$a,$b,$c,$d,$e,$dom,$yr,$mon,$day,$hr,$min);
902 $alpha = int( ($z-1867216.5)/36524.25 );
903 $a=$z + 1 + $alpha - int($alpha/4);
904 $a=$z if( $z < 2299161 );
906 $c=int(($b-122.1)/365.25);
908 $e=int(($b-$d)/30.6001);
909 $dom=$b-$d-int(30.6001*$e)+$frac;
911 $mon=$e-1 if( $e < 14 );
912 $mon=$e-13 if( $e == 14 || $e == 15 );
913 $yr = $c-4716 if( $mon > 2 );
914 $yr = $c-4715 if( $mon == 1 || $mon == 2 );
916 $min= int(($frac*24 - $hr)*60+0.5);
917 if ($min == 60) { # this may well prove inadequate DJK
921 return ($yr,$mon,$day,$hr,$min);